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凤凰彩票2023-01-31 16:05

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中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

人民日报钟声:美国应尽早摒弃“长臂管辖”******

  美国应尽早摒弃“长臂管辖”(钟声)

  美国滥施“长臂管辖”,将其作为攫取地缘政治和经济利益、维护美国霸权的工具,不仅严重侵犯别国主权、干涉别国内政、损害别国正当利益,也严重侵蚀以联合国为核心的多边主义国际秩序

  长期以来,美国频繁对各国实施“长臂管辖”,且管辖范围不断扩大、长臂越伸越长。美国滥施“长臂管辖”,将其作为攫取地缘政治和经济利益、维护美国霸权的工具,不仅严重侵犯别国主权、干涉别国内政、损害别国正当利益,也严重侵蚀以联合国为核心的多边主义国际秩序。

  美国“长臂管辖”本质是美政府以综合实力和金融霸权为后盾,根据本国法律,对他国实体和个人滥施“域外管辖”的蛮横司法行径。美国不仅逐步发展出体系庞大、相互补充、环环相扣的“长臂管辖”法律体系,还不断降低打击门槛、扩大自由裁量权,使之成为美国推行霸权外交、谋求经济利益的工具。据统计,美国上届政府累计实施逾3900项制裁措施,相当于平均每天挥舞3次制裁大棒。截至2021财年,美国已生效的制裁措施累计达9400多项,是名副其实的全球唯一“制裁超级大国”。

  美国“长臂管辖”加剧国家间紧张关系,冲击国际秩序。《隐秘战争》一书作者阿里·拉伊迪称:“自20世纪90年代中期以来,美国将自己的惩罚性立法铺到了全世界。”从出台《赫尔姆斯—伯顿法》对世界范围内与古巴进行交易的个人和实体施加经济制裁,到抛出所谓“达马托法案”禁止外国公司对伊朗、利比亚能源产业进行投资,再到制定《以制裁反击美国敌人法》扩大对俄罗斯、朝鲜和伊朗的制裁……美国一再把自己的意志和标准强加于人,用自己的“家规”取代普遍接受的国际法则。欧盟对美国“长臂管辖”强烈不满,多次在联合国大会、联合国安理会、世界贸易组织等国际机构提出提案和发起倡议,呼吁国际社会关注美国“长臂管辖”的危害性,甚至还启动了世界贸易组织争端解决程序。

  美国“长臂管辖”破坏各类国际治理机制的宗旨和功能。美国在联合国框架之外频繁实施单边制裁措施,使安理会的制裁功能受到冲击,严重影响其维持国际和平与安全。美国罔顾其“301”措施已被世界贸易组织争端解决机构裁定为违反国际法,继续对来自中国和其他国家的进口产品发起各类单边性质的“301调查”,并维持现有的“301”关税措施,公然践踏多边贸易体制宗旨和精神,损害多边贸易体制运作基石。滥施“长臂管辖”的美国,已成为单边主义霸凌行径的实施者、多边贸易体制的破坏者、产业政策双重标准的操纵者。

  美国“长臂管辖”打压商业竞争对手,损害别国企业利益。美国滥用国家公权力打压商业竞争对手、干涉正常国际商业交易,彻底背离其长期自我标榜的自由主义市场经济理念。美国将《反海外腐败法》等国内法适用域外,使多家欧洲“工业之花”遭遇“天价罚金”,欧洲工业竞争力遭受重挫。日本东芝、德国西门子、法国阿尔斯通等美国盟友的企业,都曾是美国“当代海盗”行径的围猎对象。有媒体刊文指出,美国“长臂管辖”已成为一项“真正的产业”,是美国在经济战中削弱外国竞争者的一种武器。

  美国“长臂管辖”侵犯别国人民的基本人权。近年来,美国频繁利用《全球马格尼茨基人权问责法》,单边制裁其认定从事所谓“严重侵害人权行为”的各国主体,并往往在实施制裁过程中侵犯被制裁主体的基本人权。埃及贝尼苏韦夫大学政治学教授纳迪娅·希勒米指出,美国对于阿富汗、伊朗、叙利亚、也门等国家的制裁,不仅没有达到其经济胁迫的目的,在当前疫情背景下,还严重干扰了这些国家的抗疫能力。美国布鲁金斯学会分析估计,在伊朗疫情最严重时期,美国持续施加的制裁影响进一步加剧,可能导致多达1.3万人死亡。

  当今世界充满不确定性和不稳定性,迫切需要各国团结应对。美国应尽早摒弃其非法单边制裁和“长臂管辖”措施,切实履行大国责任,与各国一道维护国际公平正义、推动世界和平发展。

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